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Concept illustration: an AI answer panel with highlighted source citations connected to three layers of research on visibility in AI answers.
Research Jul 30, 2026 · 16 min

What Research Says About Visibility in AI Answers (2026 Overview)

Every major AI citations study in one place: the GEO paper (KDD 2024), the C-SEO Bench replication (NeurIPS 2025), and the large observational datasets from Ahrefs, Semrush, Profound, Muck Rack, Wix and Kevin Indig. Each finding sorted into proven, correlated, or a bet — with a study-by-study evidence table.
Abstract illustration of the Princeton GEO paper and its replication: a yellow rising arrow over a stack of research papers versus a crumbling coral arrow examined with a magnifying glass
Research Jul 20, 2026 · 9 min

The Princeton GEO Paper: What It Showed and What Didn’t Replicate

The GEO paper's 'up to 40%' is the most quoted number in generative engine optimization research — and the least understood. We walk through Aggarwal et al. (KDD 2024) tactic by tactic, with exact figures, then through C-SEO Bench (NeurIPS 2025), the independent replication that confirmed almost none of it.

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